Merge 5ed1af31e0 into 41e4e4a5f3

When this option is set to `true`, the backend will automatically get
initialized during the backup process. This applies to invoking
`autorestic backup` or when `autorestic cron` actualy performs a backup.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: CI
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+env: 
+  RESTIC_VERSION: "0.17.1"
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Install restic@${{ env.RESTIC_VERSION }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p tools/restic
+          curl --fail --location --silent --show-error --output tools/restic/restic.bz2 \
+            "https://github.com/restic/restic/releases/download/v${RESTIC_VERSION}/restic_${RESTIC_VERSION}_linux_amd64.bz2"
+          bzip2 -d tools/restic/restic.bz2
+          chmod +x tools/restic/restic
+          echo "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/tools/restic" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+      - run: restic version
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: '^1.21'
+      - run: go test -v ./...
+
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: '^1.21'
+      - run: go build -v .

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.21-alpine as builder
+FROM golang:1.23-alpine as builder
 
 WORKDIR /app
 COPY go.* .
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ RUN go mod download
 COPY . .
 RUN go build
 
-FROM restic/restic:0.16.4
+FROM restic/restic:0.17.1
-RUN apk add --no-cache rclone bash curl
+RUN apk add --no-cache rclone bash curl docker-cli
 COPY --from=builder /app/autorestic /usr/bin/autorestic
 ENTRYPOINT []
 CMD [ "autorestic" ]

README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Autorestic is a wrapper around the amazing [restic](https://restic.net/). While
 - Backup locations to multiple backends
 - Snapshot policies and pruning
 - Fully encrypted
-- Pre/After hooks
+- Before/after backup hooks
 - Exclude pattern/files
 - Cron jobs for automatic backup
 - Backup & Restore docker volume

cmd/backup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func runCmd(t *testing.T, args ...string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	viper.Reset()
+	rootCmd.SetArgs(args)
+
+	err := rootCmd.Execute()
+	return err
+}
+
+func TestBackupCmd(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Prepare content to be backed up
+	locationDir := path.Join(workDir, "my-location")
+	err := os.Mkdir(locationDir, 0750)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	err = os.WriteFile(path.Join(locationDir, "back-me-up.txt"), []byte("hello world"), 0640)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	// Write config file
+	config, err := yaml.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
+		"version": 2,
+		"locations": map[string]map[string]interface{}{
+			"my-location": {
+				"type": "local",
+				"from": []string{locationDir},
+				"to":   []string{"test"},
+			},
+		},
+		"backends": map[string]map[string]interface{}{
+			"test": {
+				"type": "local",
+				"path": path.Join(workDir, "test-backend"),
+				"key":  "supersecret",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	configPath := path.Join(workDir, ".autorestic.yml")
+	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, config, 0640)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	// Init repo (not initialized by default)
+	err = runCmd(t, "exec", "--ci", "-a", "-c", configPath, "init")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	// Do the backup
+	err = runCmd(t, "backup", "--ci", "-a", "-c", configPath)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	// Restore in a separate dir
+	restoreDir := path.Join(workDir, "restore")
+	err = runCmd(t, "restore", "--ci", "-c", configPath, "-l", "my-location", "--to", restoreDir)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	// Check restored file
+	restoredContent, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join(restoreDir, locationDir, "back-me-up.txt"))
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello world", string(restoredContent))
+}

cmd/unlock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/internal"
+	"github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/internal/colors"
+	"github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/internal/lock"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var unlockCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "unlock",
+	Short: "Unlock autorestic only if you are sure that no other instance is running",
+	Long: `Unlock autorestic only if you are sure that no other instance is running.
+To check you can run "ps aux | grep autorestic".`,
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		internal.GetConfig()
+
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+
+		if !force && isAutoresticRunning() {
+			colors.Error.Print("Another autorestic instance is running. Are you sure you want to unlock? (yes/no): ")
+			var response string
+			fmt.Scanln(&response)
+			if strings.ToLower(response) != "yes" {
+				colors.Primary.Println("Unlocking aborted.")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		err := lock.Unlock()
+		if err != nil {
+			colors.Error.Println("Could not unlock:", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		colors.Success.Println("Unlock successful")
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(unlockCmd)
+	unlockCmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "force unlock")
+}
+
+// isAutoresticRunning checks if autorestic is running
+// and returns true if it is.
+// It also prints the processes to stdout.
+func isAutoresticRunning() bool {
+	cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c", "ps aux | grep autorestic")
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &out
+	err := cmd.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	lines := strings.Split(out.String(), "\n")
+	autoresticProcesses := []string{}
+	currentPid := fmt.Sprint(os.Getpid())
+
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "autorestic") && !strings.Contains(line, "grep autorestic") && !strings.Contains(line, currentPid) {
+			autoresticProcesses = append(autoresticProcesses, line)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(autoresticProcesses) > 0 {
+		colors.Faint.Println("Found autorestic processes:")
+		for _, proc := range autoresticProcesses {
+			colors.Faint.Println(proc)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

docs/.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v20.8.0
+v22.7.0

docs/package.json

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 {
   "scripts": {
     "build": "NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 next build",
-    "dev": "NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 next"
+    "dev": "NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 next",
+    "start": "NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 next start"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "next": "^13.5.3",
+    "next": "^14.2.7",
-    "nextra": "^2.13.1",
+    "nextra": "^2.13.4",
-    "nextra-theme-docs": "^2.13.1",
+    "nextra-theme-docs": "^2.13.4",
-    "react": "^18.2.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.1",
-    "react-dom": "^18.2.0"
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.1"
   },
-  "packageManager": "pnpm@8.8.0"
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@9.9.0"
 }

docs/pages/backend/index.md

@@ -16,3 +16,41 @@ backends:
 ## Types
 
 We restic supports multiple types of backends. See the [full list](/backend/available) for details.
+
+## Avoid Generating Keys
+
+By default, `autorestic` will generate a key for every backend if none is defined. This is done by updating your config file with the key.
+
+In cases where you want to provide the key yourself, you can ensure that `autorestic` doesn't accidentally generate one for you by setting `requireKey: true`.
+
+Example:
+
+```yaml | .autorestic.yml
+version: 2
+
+backends:
+  foo:
+    type: local
+    path: /data/my/backups
+    # Alternatively, you can set the key through the `AUTORESTIC_FOO_RESTIC_PASSWORD` environment variable.
+    key: ... your key here ...
+    requireKey: true
+```
+
+With this setting, if a key is missing, `autorestic` will crash instead of generating a new key and updating your config file.
+
+## Automatic Backend Initialization
+
+`autorestic` is able to automatically initialize backends for you. This is done by setting `init: true` in the config for a given backend. For example:
+
+```yaml | .autorestic.yml
+backend:
+  foo:
+    type: ...
+    path: ...
+    init: true
+```
+
+When you set `init: true` on a backend config, `autorestic` will automatically initialize the underlying `restic` repository that powers the backend if it's not already initialized. In practice, this means that the backend will be initialized the first time it is being backed up to.
+
+This option is helpful in cases where you want to automate the configuration of `autorestic`. This means that instead of running `autorestic exec init -b ...` manually when you create a new backend, you can let `autorestic` initialize it for you.

docs/pages/cli/unlock.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Unlock
+
+In case autorestic throws the error message `an instance is already running. exiting`, but there is no instance running you can unlock the lock.
+
+To verify that there is no instance running you can use `ps aux | grep autorestic`.
+
+Example with no instance running:
+
+```bash
+> ps aux | grep autorestic
+root       39260  0.0  0.0   6976  2696 pts/11   S+   19:41   0:00 grep autorestic
+```
+
+Example with an instance running:
+
+```bash
+> ps aux | grep autorestic
+root       29465  0.0  0.0 1162068 7380 pts/7    Sl+  19:28   0:00 autorestic --ci backup -a
+root       39260  0.0  0.0   6976  2696 pts/11   S+   19:41   0:00 grep autorestic
+```
+
+**If an instance is running you should not unlock as it could lead to data loss!**
+
+```bash
+autorestic unlock
+```
+
+Use the `--force` to prevent the confirmation prompt if an instance is running.
+
+```bash
+autorestic unlock --force
+```

docs/pages/community.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # 🏘 Community
 
+## Software
+
 A list of community driven projects. (No official affiliation)
 
 - SystemD Units: <https://gitlab.com/py_crash/autorestic-systemd-units>
@@ -9,3 +11,7 @@ A list of community driven projects. (No official affiliation)
 - Ansible Role: <https://github.com/FuzzyMistborn/ansible-role-autorestic>
 - Ansible Role: <https://0xacab.org/varac-projects/ansible-role-autorestic>
 - Ansible Role: <https://github.com/dbrennand/ansible-role-autorestic>
+
+## Writing
+
+- [restic: excellent resource for local and cloud backup](https://notes.nicfab.eu/en/posts/restic/)

docs/pages/config.md

@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ version: 2
 
 extras:
   hooks: &foo
+    prevalidate:
+      - echo "Wake up!"
     before:
       - echo "Hello"
     after:

docs/pages/index.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Autorestic is a wrapper around the amazing [restic](https://restic.net/). While
 - Backup locations to multiple backends
 - Snapshot policies and pruning
 - Fully encrypted
-- Pre/After hooks
+- Before/after backup hooks
 - Exclude pattern/files
 - Cron jobs for automatic backup
 - Backup & Restore docker volumes

docs/pages/location/docker.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ services:
 
 ```yaml | .autorestic.yml
 locations:
-  foo:
+  hello:
     from: my-data
     type: volume
     # ...

docs/pages/location/hooks.md

@@ -6,23 +6,28 @@ They consist of a list of commands that will be executed in the same directory a
 
 The following hooks groups are supported, none are required:
 
+- `prevalidate`
 - `before`
 - `after`
 - `failure`
 - `success`
 
+The difference between `prevalidate` and `before` hooks are that `prevalidate` is run before checking the backup location is valid, including checking that the `from` directories exist. This can be useful, for example, to mount the source filesystem that contains the directories listed in `from`.
+
 ```yml | .autorestic.yml
 locations:
   my-location:
     from: /data
     to: my-backend
     hooks:
+      prevalidate:
+        - echo "Checks"
       before:
         - echo "One"
         - echo "Two"
         - echo "Three"
       after:
-        - echo "Byte"
+        - echo "Bye"
       failure:
         - echo "Something went wrong"
       success:
@@ -31,13 +36,15 @@ locations:
 
 ## Flowchart
 
-1. `before` hook
+1. `prevalidate` hook
-2. Run backup
+2. Check backup location
-3. `after` hook
+3. `before` hook
-4. - `success` hook if no errors were found
+4. Run backup
+5. `after` hook
+6. - `success` hook if no errors were found
    - `failure` hook if at least one error was encountered
 
-If the `before` hook encounters errors the backup and `after` hooks will be skipped and only the `failed` hooks will run.
+If either the `prevalidate` or `before` hook encounters errors then the backup and `after` hooks will be skipped and only the `failed` hooks will run.
 
 ## Environment variables
 

go.mod

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/robfig/cron v1.2.0
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.4.0
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.11.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.0-beta.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -32,5 +36,4 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/text v0.3.8 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.66.4 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -182,8 +182,9 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXf
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1 h1:5TQK59W5E3v0r2duFAb7P95B6hEeOyEnHRa8MjYSMTY=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.2.0 h1:Slr1R9HxAlEKefgq5jn9U+DnETlIUa6HfgEzj0g5d7s=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.2.0/go.mod h1:N0PQaV/YGNqwC0u51sEeR/aUtSLEXKX9iv69rRypqCw=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.25/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
@@ -487,8 +488,8 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b h1:h8qDotaEPuJATrMmW04NCwg7v22aHH28wwpauUhK9Oo=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190418001031-e561f6794a2a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=

install.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ if [[ $NATIVE_OS == *"linux"* ]]; then
     OS=linux
 elif [[ $NATIVE_OS == *"darwin"* ]]; then
     OS=darwin
+elif [[ $NATIVE_OS == *"freebsd"* ]]; then
+    OS=freebsd
 else
     echo "Could not determine OS automatically, please check the release page manually: https://github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/releases"
     exit 1
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ fi
 echo $OS
 
 NATIVE_ARCH=$(uname -m | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
-if [[ $NATIVE_ARCH == *"x86_64"* ]]; then
+if [[ $NATIVE_ARCH == *"x86_64"* || $NATIVE_ARCH == *"amd64"* ]]; then
     ARCH=amd64
 elif [[ $NATIVE_ARCH == *"arm64"* || $NATIVE_ARCH == *"aarch64"* ]]; then
     ARCH=arm64

internal/backend.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/internal/colors"
@@ -18,13 +19,15 @@ type BackendRest struct {
 }
 
 type Backend struct {
-	name    string
+	name       string
-	Type    string            `mapstructure:"type,omitempty"`
+	Type       string            `mapstructure:"type,omitempty"`
-	Path    string            `mapstructure:"path,omitempty"`
+	Path       string            `mapstructure:"path,omitempty"`
-	Key     string            `mapstructure:"key,omitempty"`
+	Key        string            `mapstructure:"key,omitempty"`
-	Env     map[string]string `mapstructure:"env,omitempty"`
+	RequireKey bool              `mapstructure:"requireKey,omitempty"`
-	Rest    BackendRest       `mapstructure:"rest,omitempty"`
+	Init       bool              `mapstructure:"init,omitempty"`
-	Options Options           `mapstructure:"options,omitempty"`
+	Env        map[string]string `mapstructure:"env,omitempty"`
+	Rest       BackendRest       `mapstructure:"rest,omitempty"`
+	Options    Options           `mapstructure:"options,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func GetBackend(name string) (Backend, bool) {
@@ -57,6 +60,8 @@ func (b Backend) generateRepo() (string, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+var nonAlphaRegex = regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Za-z0-9]")
+
 func (b Backend) getEnv() (map[string]string, error) {
 	env := make(map[string]string)
 	// Key
@@ -72,7 +77,9 @@ func (b Backend) getEnv() (map[string]string, error) {
 	}
 
 	// From Envfile and passed as env
-	var prefix = "AUTORESTIC_" + strings.ToUpper(b.name) + "_"
+	nameForEnv := strings.ToUpper(b.name)
+	nameForEnv = nonAlphaRegex.ReplaceAllString(nameForEnv, "_")
+	var prefix = "AUTORESTIC_" + nameForEnv + "_"
 	for _, variable := range os.Environ() {
 		var splitted = strings.SplitN(variable, "=", 2)
 		if strings.HasPrefix(splitted[0], prefix) {
@@ -104,6 +111,9 @@ func (b Backend) validate() error {
 		// Check if key is set in environment
 		env, _ := b.getEnv()
 		if _, found := env["RESTIC_PASSWORD"]; !found {
+			if b.RequireKey {
+				return fmt.Errorf("backend %s requires a key but none was provided", b.name)
+			}
 			// No key set in config file or env => generate random key and save file
 			key := generateRandomKey()
 			b.Key = key
@@ -121,20 +131,44 @@ func (b Backend) validate() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	options := ExecuteOptions{Envs: env, Silent: true}
-	// Check if already initialized
+
+	err = b.EnsureInit()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	cmd := []string{"check"}
 	cmd = append(cmd, combineBackendOptions("check", b)...)
 	_, _, err = ExecuteResticCommand(options, cmd...)
-	if err == nil {
+	return err
-		return nil
+}
-	} else {
+
-		// If not initialize
+// EnsureInit initializes the backend if it is not already initialized
-		colors.Body.Printf("Initializing backend \"%s\"...\n", b.name)
+func (b Backend) EnsureInit() error {
-		cmd := []string{"init"}
+	env, err := b.getEnv()
-		cmd = append(cmd, combineBackendOptions("init", b)...)
+	if err != nil {
-		_, _, err := ExecuteResticCommand(options, cmd...)
 		return err
 	}
+	options := ExecuteOptions{Envs: env, Silent: true}
+
+	checkInitCmd := []string{"cat", "config"}
+	checkInitCmd = append(checkInitCmd, combineBackendOptions("cat", b)...)
+	_, _, err = ExecuteResticCommand(options, checkInitCmd...)
+
+	// Note that `restic` has a special exit code (10) to indicate that the
+	// repository does not exist. This exit code was introduced in `restic@0.17.0`
+	// on 2024-07-26. We're not using it here because this is a too recent and
+	// people on older versions of `restic` won't have this feature work  correctly.
+	// See: https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/075_scripting.html#exit-codes
+	if err != nil {
+		colors.Body.Printf("Initializing backend \"%s\"...\n", b.name)
+		initCmd := []string{"init"}
+		initCmd = append(initCmd, combineBackendOptions("init", b)...)
+		_, _, err := ExecuteResticCommand(options, initCmd...)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return err
 }
 
 func (b Backend) Exec(args []string) error {
@@ -143,6 +177,7 @@ func (b Backend) Exec(args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	options := ExecuteOptions{Envs: env}
+	args = append(args, combineBackendOptions("exec", b)...)
 	_, out, err := ExecuteResticCommand(options, args...)
 	if err != nil {
 		colors.Error.Println(out)
@@ -182,6 +217,7 @@ func (b Backend) ExecDocker(l Location, args []string) (int, string, error) {
 	case "s3":
 	case "azure":
 	case "gs":
+	case "rest":
 		// No additional setup needed
 	case "rclone":
 		// Read host rclone config and mount it into the container

internal/backend_test.go

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ package internal
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func TestGenerateRepo(t *testing.T) {
@@ -194,6 +197,33 @@ func TestGetEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		assertEqual(t, result["B2_ACCOUNT_ID"], "foo123")
 		assertEqual(t, result["B2_ACCOUNT_KEY"], "foo456")
 	})
+
+	for _, char := range "@-_:/" {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("env var with special char (%c)", char), func(t *testing.T) {
+			// generate env variables
+			// TODO better way to teardown
+			defer os.Unsetenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_RESTIC_PASSWORD")
+			defer os.Unsetenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_B2_ACCOUNT_ID")
+			defer os.Unsetenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_B2_ACCOUNT_KEY")
+			os.Setenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_RESTIC_PASSWORD", "secret123")
+			os.Setenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_B2_ACCOUNT_ID", "foo123")
+			os.Setenv("AUTORESTIC_FOO_BAR_B2_ACCOUNT_KEY", "foo456")
+
+			b := Backend{
+				name: fmt.Sprintf("foo%cbar", char),
+				Type: "local",
+				Path: "/foo/bar",
+			}
+			result, err := b.getEnv()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error %v", err)
+			}
+			assertEqual(t, result["RESTIC_REPOSITORY"], "/foo/bar")
+			assertEqual(t, result["RESTIC_PASSWORD"], "secret123")
+			assertEqual(t, result["B2_ACCOUNT_ID"], "foo123")
+			assertEqual(t, result["B2_ACCOUNT_KEY"], "foo456")
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
@@ -222,4 +252,82 @@ func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		assertEqual(t, err.Error(), "Backend \"foo\" has no \"path\"")
 	})
+
+	t.Run("require key with no key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := Backend{
+			name:       "foo",
+			Type:       "local",
+			Path:       "~/foo/bar",
+			RequireKey: true,
+		}
+		err := b.validate()
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "backend foo requires a key but none was provided")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValidateInitsRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// This is normally initialized by the cobra commands but they don't run in
+	// this test so we do it ourselves.
+	flags.RESTIC_BIN = "restic"
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	b := Backend{
+		name: "test",
+		Type: "local",
+		Path: path.Join(workDir, "backend"),
+		Key:  "supersecret",
+	}
+
+	config = &Config{Backends: map[string]Backend{"test": b}}
+	defer func() { config = nil }()
+
+	// Check should fail because the repo doesn't exist
+	err := b.Exec([]string{"check"})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	err = b.validate()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check should pass now
+	err = b.Exec([]string{"check"})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestEnsureInit(t *testing.T) {
+	// This is normally initialized by the cobra commands but they don't run in
+	// this test so we do it ourselves.
+	flags.RESTIC_BIN = "restic"
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	b := Backend{
+		name: "test",
+		Type: "local",
+		Path: path.Join(workDir, "backend"),
+		Key:  "supersecret",
+	}
+
+	config = &Config{Backends: map[string]Backend{"test": b}}
+	defer func() { config = nil }()
+
+	// Check should fail because the repo doesn't exist
+	err := b.Exec([]string{"check"})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	err = b.EnsureInit()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check should pass now
+	err = b.Exec([]string{"check"})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Run again to make sure it's idempotent
+	err = b.EnsureInit()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check should still pass
+	err = b.Exec([]string{"check"})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }

internal/bins/bins.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ func dlJSON(url string) (GithubRelease, error) {
 		return parsed, err
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return parsed, err
 
@@ -73,9 +72,10 @@ func downloadAndInstallAsset(body GithubRelease, name string) error {
 			// Uncompress
 			bz := bzip2.NewReader(resp.Body)
 
-			// Save to tmp
+			// Save to tmp file in the same directory as the install directory
-			// Linux does not support overwriting the file that is currently being overwritten, but it can be deleted and a new one moved in its place.
+			// Linux does not support overwriting the file that is currently being running
-			tmp, err := ioutil.TempFile(os.TempDir(), "autorestic-")
+			// But it can be delete the old one and a new one moved in its place.
+			tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(INSTALL_PATH, "autorestic-")
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -89,24 +89,26 @@ func downloadAndInstallAsset(body GithubRelease, name string) error {
 
 			to := path.Join(INSTALL_PATH, name)
 			defer os.Remove(tmp.Name()) // Cleanup temporary file after thread exits
-			if err := os.Rename(tmp.Name(), to); err != nil {
+
-				colors.Error.Printf("os.Rename() failed (%v), retrying with io.Copy()\n", err.Error())
+			mode := os.FileMode(0755)
-				var src *os.File
+			if originalBin, err := os.Lstat(to); err == nil {
-				var dst *os.File
+				mode = originalBin.Mode()
-				if src, err = os.Open(tmp.Name()); err != nil {
+				err := os.Remove(to)
-					return err
+				if err != nil {
-				}
-				if dst, err = os.Create(to); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if _, err := io.Copy(dst, src); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if err := os.Chmod(to, 0755); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
 
+			err = os.Rename(tmp.Name(), to)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = os.Chmod(to, mode)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
 			colors.Success.Printf("Successfully installed '%s' under %s\n", name, INSTALL_PATH)
 			return nil
 		}

internal/config.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )
 
-const VERSION = "1.7.11"
+const VERSION = "1.8.3"
 
 type OptionMap map[string][]interface{}
 type Options map[string]OptionMap
@@ -132,10 +132,11 @@ func (c *Config) Describe() {
 
 		tmp = ""
 		hooks := map[string][]string{
-			"Before":  l.Hooks.Before,
+			"PreValidate": l.Hooks.PreValidate,
-			"After":   l.Hooks.After,
+			"Before":      l.Hooks.Before,
-			"Failure": l.Hooks.Failure,
+			"After":       l.Hooks.After,
-			"Success": l.Hooks.Success,
+			"Failure":     l.Hooks.Failure,
+			"Success":     l.Hooks.Success,
 		}
 		for hook, commands := range hooks {
 			if len(commands) > 0 {

internal/cron.go

@@ -1,12 +1,22 @@
 package internal
 
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
 func RunCron() error {
 	c := GetConfig()
+	var errs []error
 	for name, l := range c.Locations {
 		l.name = name
 		if err := l.RunCron(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			errs = append(errs, err)
 		}
 	}
+
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Encountered errors during cron process:\n%w", errors.Join(errs...))
+	}
 	return nil
 }

internal/location.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package internal
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
@@ -33,11 +34,12 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Hooks struct {
-	Dir     string    `mapstructure:"dir"`
+	Dir         string    `mapstructure:"dir"`
-	Before  HookArray `mapstructure:"before,omitempty"`
+	PreValidate HookArray `mapstructure:"prevalidate,omitempty"`
-	After   HookArray `mapstructure:"after,omitempty"`
+	Before      HookArray `mapstructure:"before,omitempty"`
-	Success HookArray `mapstructure:"success,omitempty"`
+	After       HookArray `mapstructure:"after,omitempty"`
-	Failure HookArray `mapstructure:"failure,omitempty"`
+	Success     HookArray `mapstructure:"success,omitempty"`
+	Failure     HookArray `mapstructure:"failure,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type LocationCopy = map[string][]string
@@ -184,12 +186,18 @@ func (l Location) Backup(cron bool, specificBackend string) []error {
 		},
 	}
 
+	// Hooks before location validation
+	if err := l.ExecuteHooks(l.Hooks.PreValidate, options); err != nil {
+		errors = append(errors, err)
+		goto after
+	}
+
 	if err := l.validate(); err != nil {
 		errors = append(errors, err)
 		goto after
 	}
 
-	// Hooks
+	// Hooks after location validation
 	if err := l.ExecuteHooks(l.Hooks.Before, options); err != nil {
 		errors = append(errors, err)
 		goto after
@@ -215,6 +223,14 @@ func (l Location) Backup(cron bool, specificBackend string) []error {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if backend.Init {
+			err = backend.EnsureInit()
+			if err != nil {
+				errors = append(errors, err)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
 		cmd := []string{"backup"}
 		cmd = append(cmd, combineAllOptions("backup", l, backend)...)
 		if cron {
@@ -289,12 +305,13 @@ func (l Location) Backup(cron bool, specificBackend string) []error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// After hooks
+	// After backup hooks
 	if err := l.ExecuteHooks(l.Hooks.After, options); err != nil {
 		errors = append(errors, err)
 	}
 
 after:
+	// Success/failure hooks
 	var commands []string
 	var isSuccess = len(errors) == 0
 	if isSuccess {
@@ -438,7 +455,10 @@ func (l Location) RunCron() error {
 	now := time.Now()
 	if now.After(next) {
 		lock.SetCron(l.name, now.Unix())
-		l.Backup(true, "")
+		errs := l.Backup(true, "")
+		if len(errs) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Failed to backup location \"%s\":\n%w", l.name, errors.Join(errs...))
+		}
 	} else {
 		if !flags.CRON_LEAN {
 			colors.Body.Printf("Skipping \"%s\", not due yet.\n", l.name)